The strategy of e-business Annotated Bibliography

The technique of e-business - Annotated Bibliography Example In light of the idea of these systems, there is then the acknowledgment that the very structure of e-business technique must be reconsidered related to this new scene. Along these lines the article contends that organizations must reconsider methodology dependent on a progressively unique business condition. The conventional business condition analyzed methodology regarding explicit objectives and long haul dreams. The idea of this new worldview in e-business, in any case, is with the end goal that business should continually survey their key methodology concerning the moving idea of network. For Li (2004, p. 46) at that point then this is practiced through building up an all encompassing structure. Inside the all encompassing structure the business will consider all sources of info †flexibly chain the board, deals, general business procedure †in a deliberate and dynamic procedure. No longer will business set up a straightforward long haul vision, yet rather will set up a dynamic and coordinated business methodology for to work inside this new worldview. In quest for this new worldview the article built up seven key focuses. Among these f ocuses incorporate the quest for edge size and volume rate, and the quest for ease and high worth. The central acknowledgment is that these worries include various degrees of key worries than the customary condition had set. After these hypothetical contemplations the article inspects a contextual investigation with a Chinese business. The contextual investigation capacities to exhibit the significance of building up a comprehensive business technique. Furthermore the contextual analysis demonstrates the significance of created nations building up compelling procedures in its plan of action when managing creating nations. Along these lines the idea of key coalition rises as an unmistakable key methodology. This content identifies with the key ideas in the course in an assortment of ways. From a larger point of view it considers the very

Free Essays on Story Of An Hour

of Mrs. Mallard, one may arrive at the resolution that it was in truth loathsomeness and disillusionment the he was as yet perfectly healthy. In the initial segment of the story, Mrs. Mallard discusses how she loved her better half. She specifies that her better half â€Å"never looked spare with adoration upon her.† This remark drives the peruser to accept that her significant other was just kind and love to her. It likewise appears she adores him since she concedes that she will â€Å"weep when she saw the sort and delicate hand collapsed in death.† If he had ever been mean to her or hurt her in any case she would not show such a great amount of feeling at his burial service. In a similar unobtrusive manner as Chopin alludes to cherish, she gives us how miserable Mrs. Mallard was. At the point when she goes up to her room alone, the window can be taken as a portrayal regarding what is coming down the road of her. Through the window she sees â€Å"trees every one of the a quiver with the new spring life†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and she smells â€Å"the flavorful breath of rain†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This all speaks to the new life that she might be going to begin, brimming with new things and new and various things. She seeks after every one of these things since she has been compelled to stay in a similar calendar and way of life for such a long time. She presently can be glad in her life and live it for her and nobody else. The concerns she had of her significant other and what’d he state or never really activity of hers is currently not, at this point a consideration.... Free Essays on Story Of An Hour Free Essays on Story Of An Hour Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour† was written in the late 1800’s when male mastery was regular. This short story delineates the run of the mill life and marriage of a lady in this time period. Most ladies had persecuted existences, and obliged their definitive spouses. One can surmise, that Mrs. Mallard was attached to the foundation of marriage through her significant other, society and the congregation. Chopin’s, â€Å"The Story of an Hour† communicates a woman’s want for freedom. This is plainly clear inside the physical, and enthusiastic setting of the story. Inside the initial sections of the short story Chopin noticed that Mrs. Mallard experiences heart inconvenience. The heart is a fundamental organ inside the human body yet it is likewise the middle for one’s musings, sentiments, and feelings. Unmistakably, Mrs. Mallard’s essence were â€Å"aching†. Chopin takes note of, that Mrs. Mallard experienced physical weariness that pushed downward on her in the wake of hearing the updates on the passing of her significant other. The â€Å"dead weight† which pushed downward on her body squashed her own feeling of being. Obviously, Mrs. Mallard had a youthful, reasonable, and quiet face. This may demonstrate that she was genuinely youthful in age. Her physical traits may represent the status that she accomplished inside her general public and marriage. Did they see this developed lady as an insignificant youngster with no dynamic force? Chopin takes note of that Mrs. Mallard’s hands would have been weak, white, and slim One gets the psychological pictures of snow white, inert, super cold hands that have a place with a carcass. It anticipates the inescapable demise that will happen all together for Mrs. Mallard to get her opportunity. It is possible that, she will give to get a definitive opportunity of interminable life or Mr. Mallard will give and permit her to encounter â€Å"hands on† the world that encompassed her. Mrs. Mallard’s eyes were depicted as containing an empty gaze, and containing a look of fear. As the platitude goes, â€Å"The eye... Free Essays on Story Of An Hour In Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin, one inquiry stays with the peruser subsequent to completing the story. What was the genuine explanation behind Mrs. Mallard’s passing? Was it the frightfulness at seeing her significant other again or was it the delight of realizing he was alive? With a more profound investigate the activities and expressions of Mrs. Mallard, one may arrive at the resolution that it was in certainty awfulness and disillusionment the he was as yet fit as a fiddle. In the initial segment of the story, Mrs. Mallard discusses how she loved her significant other. She specifies that her better half â€Å"never looked spare with adoration upon her.† This remark drives the peruser to accept that her significant other was just kind and love to her. It likewise appears she adores him since she concedes that she will â€Å"weep when she saw the sort and delicate hand collapsed in death.† If he had ever been mean to her or hurt her in any case she would not show such a great amount of feeling at his burial service. In a similar inconspicuous manner as Chopin alludes to cherish, she gives us how troubled Mrs. Mallard was. At the point when she goes up to her room alone, the window can be taken as a portrayal with regards to what is in store of her. Through the window she sees â€Å"trees every one of the a quiver with the new spring life†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and she smells â€Å"the scrumptious breath of rain†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This all speaks to the new life that she might be going to begin, loaded with new things and new and various things. She seeks after every one of these things since she has been compelled to stay in a similar calendar and way of life for such a long time. She presently can be glad in her life and live it for her and nobody else. The concerns she had of her better half and what’d he state or never really activity of hers is currently not, at this point a consideration.... Free Essays on Story Of An Hour The short story â€Å" Story of an Hour† composed by Kate Chopin happens in the mid 1900’s in the US. The story depends on a woman’s battle for opportunity in a period where their spouses stifled most ladies mentally, and in extracurricular exercises were uncommon for them to rehearse. The principle character, Louise Mallard, is a young lady who experiences a powerless heart and is going to recognize extremely hard data about her better half. At some point, her husband’s companion Richard was at the paper office when startling data showed up at the workplace. A train mishap had occur and his companion Brently Mallard was on the rundown of losses. Rapidly he illuminates the news to Josephine, who is Louise’s sister. Them two attempt to separate the news to Louise as delicate and indistinct as could be expected under the circumstances. At the point when she at last comprehends the story she gets deadened. Following a couple of moments she burst into tears. In her mind everything has turned out badly, she feels deserted and truly she has no vitality when she is in her sister’s arms. At that point, she tempests to her room alone and doesn’t let anyone to follow her. In her room, alone, acing at the window sitting at a convertible arm †seat. She despite everything feels tired in body and soul. At that point she rests, and starts thinking about the restraint and absence of opportunity of her mar riage. She began to reflect. There was something that she has hanging tight for quite a while, yet she is frightful and uncertain about it. At the point when she is thinking about her new life ahead, a word comes out of her mouth as she murmurs something that she doesn’t expect: â€Å"Free.† She rehashes this a few times and afterward she feels fear. This years she felt like a detainee, frail against her significant other and now, she is free finally. Her heart is thumping quick and her blood is warm. Right now, Louse is cheerful her life has all the more significance she is presently autonomous, something that the greater part of the ladies in her occasions can... Free Essays on Story Of An Hour The hero character Louise Mallard in Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of An Hour† depicts a wife’s sudden reaction to her husband’s passing. The storyteller uncovers to the peruser unassuming yet persuading clues regarding Mrs. Mallards newfound opportunity. This newfound opportunity would be fleeting for Mrs. Mallard. Mrs. Mallard, who experiences coronary illness, was depicted as a normal spouse who separates into an attack of pain from the game changing updates on her husband’s demise. She withdraws to her space to understand the disaster however finds rather something unforeseen in herself. The tears and feelings before long went to disarray as Mrs. Mallard came to understand the truth that she was not really crying over the loss of her better half yet of his demise. Mrs. Mallard concedes that Mr. Mallard is a decent spouse yet that she disdains the servitude of being a couple and she no longer needs the desire of another constrained upon her. The hour of her recently discovered opportunity was uncovered w! hen she starts to murmur â€Å"free† again and again to mean that she is not, at this point under the desire of someone else. The profundity of Louise’s servitude known as marriage was beyond what she could stand and she was wanting for a brief life simply the day preceding the mishap. With her spouses demise she was wanting for a long life to make the most of her newly discovered opportunity. Mr. Mallard isn't the dictator who holds Louise in this servitude however rather it was simply the foundation of marriage that entangles her. The symbolism in the story helps set her characters freshly discovered opportunity from the trees â€Å"aquiver† with new life meaning her recently discovered life to the cloud’s shadow speaking to her wedded life throwing shadows on her joy. The contention that Louise Mallard feels isn't with her significant other or herself however that of the social foundation of marriage. This contention was so significantly imbued in Louis e that when she finds that her better half was not dead and she was... Free Essays on Story Of An Hour Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of and Hour†, manages feelings felt by one character that are totally misjudged by different characters in the story. Mrs. Mallard’s activities and how she is fondling end being incredibly amusing and goes to a stun to the peruser. Updates on her husband’s passing had not yet arrived at Mrs. Mallard yet and loved ones needed to break the data to her as tenderly as could reasonably be expected. The characters all realize that Mrs. Mallard experiences heart difficulty and any ups

Interpretation of Muirs Horses Essay -- Muir Horses Essays

Understanding of Muir's Horses   My understanding of Edwin Muir's sonnet entitled Ponies is one of a past memory and the contention and outrage achieved by this memory , a contention among light and obscurity, great and wickedness in the brain of an old kicking the bucket man, dreading demise as he looks out over a field. The memory being that of a day from quite a while ago, where he as a kid ranch specialist watched a group of ponies furrowing the stubble once more into the field during a blustery day which gets dynamically increasingly turbulent. The ponies advancing toward and fro over the field leaving wrinkles, the setting daylight getting through the mists choosing pictures out there. Pictures getting darker and progressively striking as the ponies moved closer. A representative strict clash being carried on among great and malice with practically fanciful characteristics, prompting a crescendo of pictures in the long run blurring to the elderly person deploring and wishing to be as that kid, toward a mind-bl owing start with all the immaculateness and guiltlessness that youngsters have.   The sonnet has the far off pictures of ponies as a t...

Should Military Women be Allowed in Combat - Free Essay Example

Issue: Should Military Women be Allowed in Combat? Background: From 1775-1917, women were only aloud to be laundresses, nurses, cooks, and part of administrations. Within the last two years of WWI women were finally permitted to join the military. During 1917 and 1918, around 23,000 women joined as nurses, translators, phone operators, and other support stuff. WWII (1939-1945) roughly 350,000 women were serving the same old jobs. However, some women were pilots, but were not aloud to fly in combat missions. In 1948, Congress passed the Armed Integration Act, which allowed women to get veterans benefits. It was not until the early 1990s changes were made.   In 1994, the Department of Defense ended up banning women from serving in combat. In 2013, Secretary of Defense, Leon Panetta had officially removed the act, women were and still are able to serve in combat. Supporters say that history has shown women perform well in multiple areas, they will work well with others, and in different environments. When women are given the right training they will do well in combat. Opponents say women lack physical ability and strength. During the obstacle course women are given more time than men. They also feel that women do not have the upper body strength to fly some of the planes. Conclusion: Women in the Military should be aloud to fight in combat because they can complete the combat training. It has been proven that women can analyze and evaluate the situation. By having both men and women in combat allows the military to end a conflict more quickly. Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ru9P7ULcJLU https://www.voanews.com/a/was-2015-the-year-of-the-us-military-woman/3108449.html Citations: Women in the Military: Should women in the military be allowed in combat? Issues Controversies, Infobase Learning, 6 June 2003,https://icof.infobaselearning.com/recordurl.aspx?ID=2620. Accessed 29 Dec. 2018. YouTube, YouTube, 3 Dec. 2015, www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ru9P7ULcJLU.

Wic s Bankruptcy And The Loss Of Northern Brazil - 896 Words

Amidst the WIC’s bankruptcy and the loss of Northern Brazil to Portugal, the Dutch found themselves on the arid island of Curacao with 100,000 slaves and minimal opportunities. But the Dutch are known for their ingenuity and they quickly rebounded from their losses even while her corporate was itself a sinking ship. Part of their initial success revolves around them settling in Curacao before 1642. The WIC realized how invaluable a slave trade depot would be if Northern Brazil would ever fall back into the hands of the Portuguese. Once Curacao was established, the Dutch knew they could continue transporting slaves to the Caribbean and then sell them to the highest bidder. Initially the highest bidder was the Spanish because, unlike the Portuguese, they paid the WIC in cash. However, it took some time to convince the Spanish to consider asiento contracts with them. With the end of the Eighty Years War in 1648, Portugal had previously revolted against Spain in 1640. Portugal, as Postma explains, â€Å"had monopolized the slave trade to the Spanish colonies because they were the only Europeans who had African trading bases that could obtain large numbers of slaves.† As mentioned, the Treaty of Tordesillas prevented Spain from entering into Africa herself. Therefore, the Spanish had to find alternative means to acquiring their needed labor force. At first the Spanish acquired their African slaves by way of illicit trade because they felt that the Dutch and English were

Olay Marketing Plan - 4888 Words

1) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Olay is the top facial skin care retail brand in the world and is one of Procter Gamble (PG)’s multi-billion dollar brands. It is the world’s number one facial care brand in the past four years (2006-2009) based on Euromonitor data. For the 2009 fiscal year ended June 30, Olay accounted for an estimated $2.8 billion of PG’s $79 billion in revenue. Olay has extended its heritage as a moisturizer to stay looking young, to formally creating the â€Å"anti-aging† category† in mass stores with the launch of Olay Total Effects in 1999. The launch was almost double the typical price of a mass market moisturizer at the time. Today, there are tremendous products in market more expensive than Olay. While†¦show more content†¦Line Minimization: Reduces the appearance of fine wrinkles 2. Nourishing Moisturization: For a radiant, healthy glow 3. Tone Enhancement: Balances color reduces appearance of age spots 4. Gentle Exfoliation: Smoothes and e vens skin texture 5.Show MoreRelatedBrand Management and Plenitude Skincare Line1250 Words   |  5 Pagesintroduction and was introduced in the U.S. market in 1988. It had grown quickly to become the #2 brand in the market, behind Oil of Olay. Plenitude was marketed as an upscale product bringing new people into mass channels from department stores. A four-year sales plateau was reached and their #2 position was lost to Pond’s. Carol Hamilton, Senior Vice President of Marketing for the L’Oreal Retail division was faced with a division that wasn’t making any money after an 8-9 year introduction into theRead MoreMarketing Communication Creative Brief and Imc Plan7930 Words   |  32 PagesContent Page Executive Summary 3 1. Situation Analysis 3 1.1 Internal Analysis 3 1.2 External Analysis 4 1.3 SWOT 4 2. Identification of Marketing Problem or Opportunity 5 2.1 Marketing Problem 5 2.2 Marketing Opportunity 5 3. Marketing Objectives 5 4. Positioning 6 5. Communication Objectives 7 6. Campaign Budget 8 6.1 Budgeted Costs 9 7. Campaign Target Audience 11 7.1 Brand Loyalty 11 7.2 Creative Targets 12 7.3 Behavioural Sequence Model (BSM) 13 8. ChoiceRead MorePlenitude Case1224 Words   |  5 PagesPlenitude Case Plenitude’s Position in the US Market – 1996: Plenitude’s position has been bumped from 3rd position behind Pond to 2nd position behind Oil of Olay who is the market leader in the skin care industry. The move of Plenitude’s position to second position has been due to the introduction of a new product – Revitalift known with L’Oreal. Revitalift is the 20th brand product of Plenitude’s product line sold in the US in a 1.7 ounce container and sales for $11.05 per unit. RevitaliftRead MoreMarketing Communication Creative Brief and Imc Plan7937 Words   |  32 PagesContent Page Executive Summary 3 1. Situation Analysis 3 1.1 Internal Analysis 3 1.2 External Analysis 4 1.3 SWOT 4 2. Identification of Marketing Problem or Opportunity 5 2.1 Marketing Problem 5 2.2 Marketing Opportunity 5 3. Marketing Objectives 5 4. Positioning 6 5. Communication Objectives 7 6. Campaign Budget 8 6.1 Budgeted Costs 9 7. Campaign Target Audience 11 7.1 Brand Loyalty 11 7.2 Creative Targets 12 7.3 Behavioural Sequence Model (BSM) 13 8. Choice of Media 14 8.1 TraditionalRead MoreAnalyst Essay1269 Words   |  6 Pagesyears. It was planned that LOreal would gain share and well establish its brand Plenitude. Despite careful planning, LOreal failed to meet profit targets 8 years after the US introduction of Plenitude due in past to Ponds price strategy and Oil of Olay maintaining its leadership amongst other issues (see answer to question 2). LOreal then decided to carefully study through research why The French success formula was not very successful in the US. The French formula was a little twisted whenRead MoreEssay on Social Class1002 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferently to different ethnic groups. 2. Foxtel is marketing pay television services in Australia. What approach should it take to households where the main decision makers are: a) Baby boomers b) Generation X c) Generation Y? 3. What allowance should be made for the ability of the elderly to process complex information in making product purchase decisions? 4. In view of the anticipated growth of the 50-plus market should Oil of Olay consider a new strategy for its face cream? Would it beRead MoreSwot6410 Words   |  26 PagesUS$425.7 bn Bath and Shower US$37 bn Baby Care US$13.6 bn Hair Care US$73.7 bn Small Appliances Jewellery 1,724,022 Men’s Grooming US$32.7 bn Procter Gamble is the global leader in beauty and personal care. Its key brands here include Olay, Gillette and Pantene. The company has however underperformed some of its rivals including Unilever and L’Orà ©al, which have made significant gains in the Chinese market to Procter Gamble’s detriment. Procter Gamble may suffer from being too midRead MoreProduct Market Analysis : Procter And Gamble Essay1089 Words   |  5 Pagesresponsibility for developing the overall brand strategy and innovations with new product and upgrades, along with marketing plans. Proctor and Gamble customers include merchandisers such as stores, grocery stores, drug stores, membership clubs, department stores and salon distributors with their e-commerce sites. Procter and Gamble is responsible for developing and executing a market plan at local levels by utilizing the Company s Sales and Market Operations (SMO). (Thomson Reuters) The SMO includesRead MoreMarketing Analysis : The Soap Market1448 Words   |  6 Pages INTERNET MARKETING (TASK 3-4) Image Task 3 When someone starts a new business or expands existing business, there is need for market research to make stronger and better decisions and improve chances of success. There are two type of research; secondary market research and primary market research. 3.1 Conduct secondary market research The soap market in United Kingdom has been protected from the worst recession cutbacks but unfortunately the situation is not appreciableRead MoreAs Paolo Decesare, What Factors Do You Need to Consider Before Deciding What to Recommend in Your Sk-Ii Presentation to the Global Leadership Team (Glt)? What Kind of Analysis Will You Need to Do in Preparing for?1306 Words   |  6 PagesThis is my own view to the question The factors appropriate for SK-II as an existing brand in a country which would have had some priority over other products in the market will have to consider the PESTEL factors, Porter s five forces, SWOT,Marketing mix,Investment decision and the culture as well must be understood to position the product in new global market. PESTEL FACTORS This looks at the possibility of how SK-II cosmectics product can be a booming brand in Japan for Pamp;G company

Pros and Cons of Helminthes

Question: Discuss about thePros and Cons of Helminthes. Answer: Introduction Different varieties of helminths that stay in the human body exist. Usually, they have been associated with symptoms such as weakness, diarrhea, malaise, and abdominal pain. For that reason, it is appropriate to use antihelminthic drugs to kill them to the reduce symptoms in the victims. Besides, Ukwubile, et al. (214) ascertain that the prevalence of helminthic infections is high in areas with low socio-economic areas with poor sanitation and inadequate water supply. The association of helminths with poor health practices and low affordability and accessibility to proper health services necessitates eradicating them. Despite this view, other research studies have indicated that helminths can be therapeutic. For instance, Helena (1) claims that the evolutionary process of the helminths has enabled them to suppress their immune responses thus able to control inflammatory diseases of the bowels. These assertions are helpful since helminthic infections pose significant challenges to the healthcare system. However, the therapy cannot be applied to low-income countries because eradication of the helminths is a priority of their health systems. Therefore, in as much as the using helminths to reduce inflammation is therapeutic, researchers need to investigate and come up with measures of reducing adverse symptoms associated with the helminths. Works Cited Cletus Anes, et al. "The Prevalence of Parasitic Human Intestinal Helminthes and the Efficacy of Anthelmintic Drug in Children in Uzo-Uwani Local Government Area, Enugu State, Nigeria."Open Journal of Medical Microbiology2013 (2013). https://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojmm.2013.34032 Helmby, Helena. "Human helminth therapy to treat inflammatory disorders-where do we stand?."BMC Immunology16.1 (2015): 12, doi 10.1186/s12865-015-0074-3

Marketing Principles free essay sample

Understand the individual elements of the extended market mix Explain how products are developed to sustain competitive advantage 3. 1) Competitive advantage is when a company has a strategic advantage over its rivals. Products can be developed to have a competitive advantage if all developments are made to the product before it goes on the market instead of having many versions of a product which get better as more updated versions of the product are released. The development of new products has to be based on the wants and needs of the customers. Rather than simply releasing a product and waiting to see if the demand is there for it, firms should be conducting market research beforehand in an attempt to find out whether there is a) a demand for a product and b) a gap in the market for the particular product if the firm releases it. You can make your product different from products made by your opposition, if you can differentiate your product from that of your competitors, then you can position yourself in a prime position in the market. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Principles or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If you can provide unique and special benefits to your customers that no one else can provide them, then you are well-positioned to maintain them as loyal customers. Explain how distribution is arranged to provide customer convenience 3. 2) There are several ways in which businesses arrange distribution to provide customer convenience. The methods used may vary slightly based on what sort of business is being operated. Distribution comes under the place category in the market mix and companies develop proper distribution systems because accessibility of the customers enhances the potential sales for a company. For example, if the Coca Cola Company does not outsource its distribution services and Coca Cola bottles would have been available only from the factories then customers might not have been willing to get them. It is more convenient for the customers to get Coca Cola drinks from nearby retailers as opposed to getting it from a wholesaler. Therefore, distribution can become a major strength or a weakness for a company. Explain how prices are set to reflect an organisations objectives and market conditions 3. ) Prices are always established with an organizations objectives or goals and market conditions in mind. Management decides the marketing strategy, sets the organizational goals and objectives, and decides on what product lines and services are worth pursuing. For this reason, prices are always subject to the character and beliefs of those who lead the organization. Prices are also established based on an organizations goals and the market conditions at any given time in the busin esss operations. Companies examine the market and look at the way certain products are performing. This is how they determine if a product is going to be included in their own product lines or services that they offer. This is also how they decide if they are going to continue to produce a particular product. Products that dont perform well are often discontinued. Sometimes, prices may be lowered, but this is difficult to do if production costs are still high. A business that cannot see a profit or a sufficient profit on a particular product will simply discontinue it rather than lower the purchase price and lose money on production. Businesses also look at market conditions in terms of competitor performance and pricing in order to set their own success measures. This is why you will see many businesses producing similar products and pricing those products very similarly as well. Illustrate how promotional activity is integrated to achieve marketing objectives 3. 4) Marketing objectives include objectives to do with profits earned for the company and promotional activities really encourage sales, attract new customers and promote products which help them sell even more quickly and help the company earn more money. Promotional activities include in-store demonstrations such as samples of new product being given away to customers for free this promotes certain products, coupons which encourage people to buy products because they get discounts on the items and advertising campaigns which attract people attention to your company and also advertisements help build awareness of both the company and its products. People would not know a particular company offers certain products unless the company advertises them. Analyse the additional elements of the extended marketing mixes 3. 5) The additional 3p’s added to the traditional 4p’s are physical layout (how a shop looks), provision of customer service (how well customers are served) and processes. Physical layout -today consumers typically come into contact with products in retail units and they expect a high level of presentation in modern shops e. g. record stores, clothes shops etc. Not only do they need to easily find their way around the store, but they also often expect a good standard or presentation. Provision of customer service customer service is very important in modern service industries. Customers are likely to be loyal to organisations that serve them well from the way, in which a telephone query is handled, to direct face-to-face interactions. Processes associated with customer service are a number of processes involved in making marketing effective in an organization e. g. processes for handling customer complaints, processes for identifying customer needs and requirements, processes for handling order etc. Marketing Principles free essay sample Be able to use the concepts of segmentation, targeting and positioning 3. Understand the individual elements of the extended marketing mix 4. Be able to use the marketing mix in different contexts. Outcomes LO1 Understand the concept and process of marketing LO2 Be able to use the On successful completion of this unit a learner will: LO 1. 1 explain the various elements of the marketing process LO 1. 2 evaluate the benefits and costs of a marketing orientation for a selected organisation LO 2. 1 show macro and micro environmental factors which influence marketing decisions LO 2. propose segmentation criteria to be used for products in different markets LO 2. 3 choose a targeting strategy for a selected product/service LO 2. 4 demonstrate how buyer behaviour affects marketing activities in different buying situations LO 2. 5 propose new positioning for a selected product/service concepts of segmentation, targeting and positioning LO3 Understand the LO 3. 1 explain how products are dev eloped to sustain competitive advantage LO 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Principles or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 2 explain how distribution is arranged to provide customer explain how prices are set to reflect an organisation’s ndividual elements of the extended marketing mix convenience LO 3. 3 objectives and market conditions LO 3. 4 illustrate how promotional activity is integrated to achieve marketing objectives LO 3. 5 analyse the additional elements of the extended marketing mix 3 Unit 4: Marketing Principles Regent College BTEC Higher National Diploma in Business LO4 Be able to use the LO 4. 1 plan marketing mixes for two different segments in consumer markets LO 4. 2 illustrate differences in marketing products and services to businesses rather than consumers LO 4. show how and why international marketing differs from domestic marketing. marketing mix in different contexts. 4 Unit 4: Marketing Principles Regent College BTEC Higher National Diploma in Business Programme: Unit Number: Unit Title: Module Tutor: Email: BTEC Higher National Certificate in Business 4 Marketing Principles Nalika Danthasinghe/Twain Moss Nalika. [emailprotected] uk. com Twain. [emailprotected] uk. om 1. Report 11/02/2013 14/06/2013 Produce a report to present to the Managing Director of your chosen company. The must be written in professional manner and properly referenced. The report should comply with the word count of 2500 with +/- 10% margin. You may use tables and diagrams to support your report to illustrate the text. Word count excludes the index, headings, information contained in tables, references and bibliography. Assessment Type: Individual Assignment Number: Distribution Date: Submission Date: Assessment Format: As a newly appointed Marketing Manager, you are required to carry out a detailed industry analysis for your chosen organisation. The purpose of this is to formulate a suitable marketing campaign for your chosen organisation. Produce a report detailing the below. As part of the introduction to the report give a brief explanation of the various elements of the marketing process (LO 1. 1) Evaluate the benefits and costs of a marketing orientation for the selected organisation. (LO 1. 2) Carry out a thorough organisation, industry and market environment situation analysis. For this, identify and analyse Macro environment, Micro external environment, Micro internal environment and the capabilities using a range of tools and techniques suitable for each market situation. Summarised your analysis using a SWOT Analysis. Include minimum key factors such as the different analysis models, you must carry out; Macro environment analysis Micro external environment 5 Unit 4: Marketing Principles Regent College BTEC Higher National Diploma in Business Micro Internal (Core Distinctive competencies) Capabilities You must carry out the above analysis and you are welcome to use more tools and techniques to support your findings. Summarise your finding through a SWOT analysis (LO 2. 1) Following the SWOT analysis identify a product/service hat can be marketed to two different segments. Justify your reason for the proposed segmentation criteria. (LO 2. 2) Choose a target strategy for the chosen product/service. (LO 2. 3) For the chosen strategy discuss how the buyer behaviour affects marketing activities in different buying situations. Discuss the buyer behaviour in relation to the segmentation criteria you have identified. (LO 2. 4) Suggest a range of position ing options for your selected product/service (LO 2. 5) Develop a marketing plan for the proposed strategy addressing the issues identified in the marketing analysis. For example you may identify the strategies such as, Increase existing market share through market stimulation Increase existing market share through new product development Entering a new market through introducing existing product(s) to a new market Entering a new market through new product development Focus on one of the objectives and develop a marketing plan. Provide a justification and an explanation with reasons for the chosen strategy. Your explanation should include, ? how the product is going to be developed to sustain competitive advantage (LO 3. ) ? how distribution is going to be arranged to provide customer convenience (LO 3. 2) ? how you would set the price of the product to reflect organisation’s objectives and marketing conditions (LO 3. 3) Plan and recommend marketing mixes for the two different segments you have discussed in the Assignment 01. (LO 4. 1) For the segments you have discussed above clearly explain the marketing mix with including the promotion e lement. You should discuss how the promotional activity is integrated to achieve marketing objective. (LO 3. ) Include an analysis into the additional elements of the extended marketing mix, providing your marketing plan (LO 3. 5) To summarise your findings and recommendations, ? Suggest a budget, resources and a timescale. 6 Unit 4: Marketing Principles Regent College BTEC Higher National Diploma in Business Programme: Unit Number: Unit Title: Module Tutor: Email: BTEC Higher National Certificate in Business 4 Marketing Principles Nalika Danthasinghe/Twain Moss Nalika. [emailprotected] uk. com Twain. [emailprotected] uk. com Assignment Number: Distribution Date: 2. Essay Questions 11/02/2013 Submission Date: Assessment Format: 14/06/2013 Apart from the above main assignment you are required to answer the following questions. The answers should take the format of a written essay. The word count is flexible for this task however it is recommended that at least 500 words are used to discuss each question. Assessment Type: Individual Question 02 In Assignment 1, you have developed a marketing strategy to market the products and services to the consumer. What differences are there if you market your products and services to an organisation? (LO 4. 2) Question 03 Think of marketing abroad. Following the completion of assignment 1, suggest on implementing a marketing strategy to market abroad. What would be different from international marketing to domestic marketing? (LO 4. 3) 7 Unit 4: Marketing Principles Regent College BTEC Higher National Diploma in Business Assessment Criteria: P1-P15 Pass Criteria M1-M4 Merit Criteria D1-D3 Distinction Criteria To Achieve a Pass To gain a pass grade you must attempt all three assignments and you must satisfy the pass criteria as outlined below. LO 1. 1 explain the various elements of the marketing process (P1) LO 1. evaluate the benefits and costs of a marketing orientation for a selected organisation (P2) LO 2. 1 show macro and micro environmental factors which influence marketing decisions (P3) LO 2. 2 propose segmentation criteria to be used for products in different markets (P4) LO 2. 3 choose a targeting strategy for a selected product/service (P5) LO 2. 4 demonstrate how buyer behaviour affects marketing activities in diffe rent buying situations (P6) LO 2. 5 propose new positioning for a selected product/service (P7) LO 3. 1 explain how products are developed to sustain competitive advantage (P8) LO 3. explain how distribution is arranged to provide customer convenience (P9) LO 3. 3 explain how prices are set to reflect an organisation’s objectives and market conditions (P10) LO 3. 4 illustrate how promotional activity is integrated to achieve marketing objectives (P11) LO 3. 5 analyse the additional elements of the extended marketing mix (P12) LO 4. 1 plan marketing mixes for two different segments in consumer markets (P13) LO 4. 2 illustrate differences in marketing products and services to businesses rather than consumers (P14) LO 4. 3 show how and why international marketing differs from domestic marketing (P15) Unit 4: Marketing Principles Regent College BTEC Higher National Diploma in Business To Achieve a Merit To gain a merit grade you must achieve all the pass mark criteria and in addi tion you must satisfy the criteria as outlined below. Submit your work on time and in appropriate format. (M1) Identify and apply strategies to find appropriate solutions through effective judgement (M2) Select/design and apply appropriate methods/techniques. You are judged on the application of relevant theories and techniques and the justification for their application (M3) Present and communicate appropriate findings. This includes the use the appropriate structure and approach with coherent, logical development of principles/concepts for the intended audience (M4) To Achieve a Distinction To gain a Distinction grade you must achieve all the pass mark criteria and all the merit mark criteria and in addition you must satisfy the criteria as outlined below. Use critical reflection to evaluate own work and justify valid conclusions including realistic improvements which have been proposed against defined characteristics for success. D1) Demonstrate convergent / lateral/creative thinking by showing evidence on receptiveness to new ideas and effective thinking in unfamiliar contexts. (D2) Take responsibility for managing and organising activities including accommodating the unforeseen and recognising the importance of interdependence. (D3) Your subject tutor will be able to give you general guidance and feedback on improving your work however it is your responsibility to seek feedback from the subject tutors on the above criteria for you to achieve the intended grades. 9 Unit 4: Marketing Principles Regent College BTEC Higher National Diploma in Business Support materials Textbooks Adcock D et al — Marketing Principles and Practice 4th Edition (Pitman Publishing, 2001) ISBN: 027364677X Brassington F and Pettitt S — Principles of Marketing 3rd Edition (FT/Prentice Hall, 2003) ISBN: 0273657917 Jobber D — Principles and Practice of Marketing 3rd Edition (McGraw Hill, 2001) ISBN: 0077096134 Kotler P et al — Principles of Marketing 3rd European Edition (FT/Prentice Hall, 2001) ISBN: 0273646621 Magazines, journals and newspapers Campaign Harvard Business Review Journal of Marketing Management Marketing Review Marketing Marketing Business Marketing Week The Financial Times and other daily newspapers which contain a business section and market reports Videos The Marketing Mix at Cadbury’s (1998, TV Choice) Marketing Decisions (1998, TV Choice) What is Marketing? (2001, TV Choice) Websites www. bized. ac. uk www. cim. co. uk Provides case studies appropriate for educational purposes The Chartered Institute of Marketingâ€℠¢s site contains a useful knowledge centre www. ft. com The Financial Times business sections www. marketing. haynet. com Marketing magazine www. thetimes100. co. uk multimedia resources 10 Unit 4: Marketing Principles Regent College BTEC Higher National Diploma in Business Plagiarism and Collusion When producing the assignments, Learners must not copy any material whole or part from fellow students intentionally or unintentionally. Any materials including phrases, paragraphs, diagrams, tables, charts or graphics copied from books, journals, web sites or any other sources must be properly referenced according to the Harvard referencing system. Even if the words are changed or altered learners must clearly reference the source. However learners must not include contents from other sources for over 25% of overall assignment, therefore learners are required to produce a ‘Turn-it-in’ originality report for any coursework, essays submitted for assessment. Any assignments submitted without a ‘Turn-it-in’ report will be refused and returned without marking. Collusion: Unless stated otherwise, you must not produce assignments in collaboration with fellow students where the assessment is based on the individual work. Such material will be refused by the assessor and you will receive no mark. You must not share your individual assignments with fellow students and in an event both lender and the receiver will be disqualified for the assessment. Plagiarism and Collusion is seriously dealt with according to the regulations at Regent College and any learner who fails to produce an original piece of work may disqualify of taking the assessment and may have to repeat the unit. Extension and Late Submission If you require an extension you must produce a valid reason with evidence. You must request extension using a coursework extension request form available from the college. Please note that the lecturers do not have the authority to extend the coursework deadlines and therefore do not ask them to award a coursework extension. The completed form must be accompanied by evidence such as a medical certificate in the event of you being sick. Late ubmission will only receive a pass mark unless you provide a valid reason for the late submission with evidence. However the assessor has the right to refuse your assignment if you submit after the deadline unless you provide a valid reason for the late submission with evidence. Any late su bmissions must accompany a completed Late Submission form with the evidence such as a medical certificate in the event of you being sick. 11 Unit 4: Marketing Principles Regent College BTEC Higher National Diploma in Business Attendance and Punctuality The student must attend all lessons on time. In case of illness, the student must contact the college before 9. 0am in the morning of the day of the lesson to inform of their absence. The attendance and punctuality will be monitored by the College. Student who is late more than 15 minutes to the lesson will not be allowed in and marked as absence. Student must maintain 80% attendance for each unit to be eligible to submit their work for assessment. The student will face an automatic referral for any unit where student’s attendance falls below 80%. The student has to retake such units by attending next cohort. This is subject to availability of the unit and the College is not obligated to provide specific extra teaching hours to those who have missed lessons. Unless there are mitigating circumstances, the absence will not exempt student from paying their fees and will face the same rules and regulations of a student who missed payment. General Guidance This unit is assessed on 100% coursework including your active participation in lessons and class activities. You must submit assignment 1 and 2 to receive an overall mark. You must clearly reference your work according to the Harvard Referencing Guide. Work submitted without proper reference will not be marked. You should plan well in advance on how to tackle this assignment. You should seek knowledge outside the classroom lectures and activities to gain maximum learning outcome. You should access recommended upporting materials as suggested and use the knowledge in your assignments. In terms of attendance and participation, you should attend lessons regularly and participate in class activities which would be taken into account before the final mark is awarded. Your participation in the l essons will count towards your grades and your regular attendance is in line with the College regulations and the Home Office regulations (for international students). 12 Unit 4: Marketing Principles Regent College BTEC Higher National Diploma in Business Feedback Sheet Programme: Unit Number and Title: Module Tutor: BTEC Higher National Certificate in Business Unit 4, Marketing Principles Learner name: .. Information/feedback on assessment and grading criteria Assessment criteria (Pass-P) LO 1. 1 explain the various elements of the marketing Achieved Evidence Feedback Yes/No process (P1) LO 1. 2 evaluate the benefits and costs of a marketing orientation for a selected organisation (P2) LO 2. 1 show macro and micro environmental factors which Yes/No Yes/No influence marketing decisions (P3) LO 2. 2 propose segmentation Yes/No criteria to be used for products in different markets (P4) LO 2. 3 choose a targeting Yes/No strategy for a selected product/service (P5) LO 2. demonstrate how buyer Yes/No behaviour affects marketing activities in different buying situations (P6) LO 2. 5 propose new positioning Yes/No 13 Unit 4: Marketing Principles Regent College BTEC Higher National Diploma in Business for a selected product/service (P7) LO 3. 1 explain how products Yes/No are developed to sustain competitive advantage (P8) LO 3. 2 explain how distribution Yes/No is arranged to provide customer convenience (P9) LO 3. 3 explain how prices are Yes/No set to reflect an organisation’s objectives and market conditions (P10) LO 3. 4 illustrate activity how Yes/No is promotional integrated to achieve marketing objectives (P11) LO 3. analyse the additional Yes/No elements of the extended marketing mix (P12) LO 4. 1 plan marketing mixes Yes/No for two different segments in consumer markets (P13) LO 4. 2 illustrate differences in Yes/No marketing products and services to businesses rather than consumers (P14) LO 4. 3 show how and why Yes/No international marketing differs from domestic marketing (P15) 14 Unit 4: Marketing Principles Regent College BTEC Higher National Diploma in Business Grading criteria (Merit-M; Destination-D) Submit your work on time and in appropriate format. (M1) Identify and apply strategies to find appropriate solutions Yes/No Yes/No Achiev ed Evidence Feedback hrough effective judgement (M2) Select/design appropriate methods/techniqu es. You are judged on the application of relevant theories and and apply Yes/No techniques and the justification for their application (M3) Present and communicate findings. the use This the and Yes/No appropriate includes appropriate approach logical structure with coherent, of the development for principles/concepts intended audience (M4) Use critical reflection to Yes/No evaluate own work and justify valid conclusions including realistic improvements which have been proposed against defined characteristics for success. (D1) Demonstrate convergent / Yes/No 15 Unit 4: Marketing Principles Regent College BTEC Higher National Diploma in Business ateral/creative showing thinking by on evidence receptiveness to new ideas and effective thinking in unfamiliar contexts. (D2) Take managing activities responsibility and for Yes/No organising including accommodating the unforeseen and recognising the of importance interdependence. (D3) Assessor’s general comments: Assessor’s Si gnature: . Print Name: . Date: .. 16 Unit 4: Marketing Principles Regent College

Native Son Essays - Ethics, Native Son, Blindness, Visual Impairment

Native Son Essays - Ethics, Native Son, Blindness, Visual Impairment Native Son Bigger Thomas has been shaped by various forces. Forces that have changed the life completely for Bigger Thomas. In Native Son, Bigger Thomas seems to be composed of a mass of disruptive emotions rather than a rational mind joined by a soul. Bigger strives to find a place for himself, but the blindness he encounters in those around him and the bleak harshness of the Naturalistic society that Wright presents the reader with close him out as effectively as if they had shut a door in his face. In the first book, Wright tells the reader these were the rhythms of his life: indifference and violence; periods of abstract brooding and periods of intense desire; moments of silence and moments of anger like water ebbing and flowing from the tug of a far-away, invisible force (p.31). Bigger is controlled by forces that he cannot tangibly understand. Bigger's many acts of violence are, in effect, a quest for a soul. He desires an identity that is his alone. Both the white and the black communities have robbed him of dignity, identity, and individuality. The human side of the city is closed to him, and for the most part Bigger relates more to the faceless mass of the buildings and the mute body of the city than to another human being. His mother's philosophy of suffering to wait for a later reward is equally stagnating to Bigger it appears that she is weak and will not fight to live. Her religion is a blindness; but she needs to be blind in order to survive, to fit into a society that would drive a seeing person mad. All of the characters that Bigger says are blind are living in darkness because the light is too painful. Bigger wants to break through that blindness, to discover something of worth in himself, thinking that all one had to do was be bold, do something nobody ever thought of. The whole things came to him in the form of a powerful and simple feeling; there was in everyone a great hunger to believe that made them blind, and if he could see while others were blind, then he could get what he wanted and never be caught at it (p.102). Just as Bigger later hides himself amidst the catacombs of the old buildings, many people hide themselves deep within their minds in order to bear the ordeal of life and the oppression of an uncaring society. But their blindness allows them something that Bigger cannot achieve: it allows these people to meld into the society that is the city, while Bigger must stand at the outside of that community alternately marvelling and hating the compromises of those within. Bigger is alone; he is isolated from every facet of human affection. Max tells the court that Bigger cannot kill because he himself is dead, and a person without empathy or sympathy, without the deep, steadying love of family or faith in anything. When he lashes out in violence it is in a way a search for what hurt him; he hurts others because it is a way of hiding that he is hurt and afraid.). If one considers life to be a period of growth and learning, recognition of self-worth and of the worth of others, then Bigger has not been given the chance to live. Book Three is called Fate, and indeed Bigger seems to be controlled his entire life by ambivalent outside forces who could care less about him. He has been lied to until he believes the lies he tells himself. He has no place in society. His own mother believes in him no more than the billboard reading you can't win that he sees each day outside his apartment. He has grown up in an environment where enormous rats fester in holes and water is a maybe situation, where meals are precarious and money is almost nonexistent, and where he is told time and time again that he has no worth, no dignity, no intelligence or creativity. Is it any wonder that Bigger is violent? It seems more fantastic that all of the people around him are not. When he says, upon reading the paper No!

Interview with leaders or managers in any organization Essay

Interview with leaders or managers in any organization - Essay Example As a unit manager, she reports directly to the department manager of nursing. Her responsibilities include planning, organizing, directing and controlling all aspects of operations pertaining to the two units: cardiovascular and telemetry. Aside from the nurse managers who are directly involved in governing nurses for patient care and for the delivery of health care services, as unit manager, she performs all responsibilities involving administration and governance of the units. These responsibilities include performance appraisals and evaluation; scheduling of vacation leaves and monitoring of sick leaves; monitoring the upkeep and maintenance of supplies and equipment for the units, as well as the general functioning of the patients’ rooms and amenities and the emergency cart; completion of reportorial requirements of staff nurses; and monitoring the upkeep of cleanliness and maintenance of the units’ facilities to ensure maximized operations of the units with minimal costs. When asked what the meaning of management was in her personal opinion, Ms. Rodgers replied that the term management actually involved compliance with functions of planning, organizing, directing and controlling all aspects or areas being governed. Managers create an environment for effective performance. They have the responsibilities of integrating tasks, structure, technology, resources and people into a productive and performing configuration. As revealed, Ms. Rodgers indicated that managers achieve goals through the efforts of people and they have to design strategies to influence the behavior of the people they govern. In this regard, managers have to be leaders, as well. Leadership was noted as the process of influencing people so that defined goals are effectively achieved. Leaders focus on influencing behavior towards the attainment of an identified objective. They could or could not necessarily be managers in organizations. On the other hand,

Jesus & Mohammed Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Jesus & Mohammed Paper - Essay Example In a way, both have presented themselves as messengers of God who came to bring message of hope to the world. However, they differ in the way they presented their messages. Jesus came with full authority as the son of God, to win the world on his side as a representative of God. Mohammed came to deliver the news of God on earth and was not representing God. The differences in teachings have resulted to differences between Christianity and Muslims. Life History Jesus Christ and Prophet Mohammed Jesus was born six hundred years before Prophet Mohammed. He was born of a Virgin Mary and had no biological father. He had no family unlike Mohammed who had married several wives (Hafez.et.al, 2000). During the birth of Jesus, the shepherds were visited by an angel. The angel directed them to the place of birth in Bethlehem, where they took presents to him. It was an extraordinary event which brought people from different parts of the world to witness the birth of the spiritual king. His birth was of significance to the human race because he had come to bring salvation to mankind. On the other hand, the birth of Prophet Mohammed brought favor upon his nurse Halima. He was born during a period of famine but his nurse received abundant favor and her harvest was bumpers. Even her animals produced a lot of milk. The visitors who came to see prophet Mohamed received healing (Hafez.et.al, 2000). ... For example, Jesus is said to have healed many sick people, converted water into wine, fed five thousand people with five loaves of bread and two pieces of fish among other wonders. Jesus taught people how to humble themselves and worship God. He recruited his followers and trained them to spread the gospel to the entire world by preaching the salvation of God. Similarly, Prophet Mohammed introduced Islamic religion on earth. He established his followers and taught them the way of Allah. He taught people how to live righteous life according to the doctrines of Allah. Jesus taught his followers to practice kindness, mercy and love as a way of defeating their enemies. He taught his followers to uphold sanctity of life and respect for God through loving their enemies (Hafez.et.al, 2000). He emphasized on the need of forgiveness of sins and tolerance for one another. According to his teachings, Jesus told his followers never to take revenge against those who wrong them. Mohammed taught h is followers to safeguard their religion through whatever means they could. Jesus was son of God, while Mohammed was a representative of Allah. Jesus death was through crucifixion by the Jews who accused him of profaning the name of God by proclaiming to be the son of God (Hafez.et.al, 2000). Though he died and was buried, he resurrected and ascended to heaven and is said to be seated with his father at His throne. As for Mohammed, he died in the presence of Aisha his wife. Impact of Jesus and Mohammed Death on their Religion The death of Mohammed caused great bewilderment among his followers. This is because; there was no prior arrangement on who would take over the leadership after his death. Two factions the Shia and the Sunni

Supporting Teaching and Learning in Schools Essay Example for Free

Supporting Teaching and Learning in Schools Essay Question 1 Summarise the main development of a child from the age range 0-2 years, 3-5 years and 5-8 years. Development 0-2 years When a baby is born they are helpless. Although from 0-2 years the development of a child is very rapid. A baby will go from not being able to hold up their own head to being able to talk, walk, run and climb the stairs all within this time frame. Through this time frame a baby will be able to support and lift their own head and kicking their legs. They will be able to focus on close objects such as their own fingers and hands. They will start to smile and recognise the face of their main care giver. The baby will be startled by sudden noises, such as banging doors. As they progress they will start to reach out for objects and toys that attract their attention and start to make noises. Their hand to hand and hand-eye coordination develops as they learn to pass objects from one had to another and reach out and grab things for themselves. When the child is older they will use this developed hand to hand and hand to eye coordination to start making marks on paper with crayons. As their muscles develop and get stronger they will start to sit up unaided and pull themselves up to a standing position. The child will start teething and begin to learn to crawl and eventually walk unaided. Their independence will grow as they start to want to feed themselves first  with finger food then using a spoon. They will start to say simple words such as mama/dada and start to recognise their own name, this will eventually develop into the child starting to string simple sentences together and saying other words and understanding them. As the balance improves a child will learn how to kick and throw a ball. 3-5 years In this stage of development a child will build on what he/she already knows, such as walking. This will be steadier and they will be able to walk backwards and climb up and downstairs confidently. The child will be able to draw more recognisable pictures, such as faces, rather than just scribbles. The vocabulary is a wider range as they learn how to say more words and can string together longer sentences. They will start to ask ‘why’ as they grow more curious about the world around them. As the vocabulary grows they will be more capable of describing how they are feeling (happy, sad or angry).They can learn and recite simple nursery rhymes from memory. As an adult you start to see a personality develop as they develop a sense of humour a sense of what they find funny or not so funny. They start to become sociable and enjoying playing with other children . 5-8 years With this stage of development again the child builds on what he/she already knows. Through this stage adult teeth start to grow. The child can start to do things more confidently, such as being able to use scissors to cut out shapes. With guidance a child will start to learn the consequences of their own actions and behaviour whether it is good or bad. Whilst playing games and sports with their peers they will start to become more competitive. The vocabulary has grown enormously to roughly 2000 words which they have learnt through learning to read or picked up from what other people, adults and peers, have said around them. The ability to concentrate on one thing at a time has also increased and they are less easily distracted. For 3-8 year olds physical development is not as fast paced as it is in the first 2 years of life. 3-8 year old development is more cognitive and emotional. Question 2 Analyse key social, economic and environmental factors which may influence development Allergies  Food allergies can be severe as well as fatal, as some allergies, such as nuts, can cause anaphylactic shock. This causes the airways to swell up and cut off the ability to breath. A food allergy that is often over looked is an allergy to E numbers, which is an allergy to artificial colouring and flavouring and sometime emulsifiers that are found in our food. This allergy can cause the child to become hyperactive, violent and in extreme cases physically sick. This can have an effect on a child’s development physically, emotionally and socially. The child may stop eating altogether if, in the extreme cases, they start to associate eating with being sick. This can lead them to stop growing as they are not digesting the nutrients that they need for growth and development. With the hyperactivity comes the inability to focus on any one thing for a set period of time, which will have an effect of what they learn and how well they learn it. Socially the child may be in able to make the friends that he wants as the other child may cautious of the child due to the hyperactivity and possibly the violence. Health Problems There are many health problems that can affect a child’s development. Eczema can cause distraction problems particularly if the child is badly affected by it. Eczema is a drying of the skin which leads it to becoming itchy. If the eczema is not effectively treated then it can lead to the skin being itched to the point where it is broken and bleeding and this in turn can lead to infection. Some cases of eczema are caused by food allergies, fabric powders/ softeners and in some cases we just don’t know why the skin flares up as it does. If the eczema is not treated the child can constantly be itching and uncomfortable and this is at the fore front of their mind rather than the activity at hand. If the child does end up with infected parts of the skin this can lead to poor attendance for school and missing out on the needed education. Environment/Poverty/Social factors such as love and affection The environment a child grows up in can have a detrimental effect on their soc ial skills and building relationships with others. If the child grows up on an environment where there are caring parents/siblings then a child will grow to learn and realise that this is how relationships with others should be, whether it is with a teacher or another child. If there is no love in a family then a child will grow up to think that it is not cared  for by anyone at all, this can follow them on into adult life and effect relationships there too. They may become withdrawn, sad and untrusting. Although a child may look ok on the outside inside is full of turmoil. They may come to believe that what has happened to them is there fault and come to regarding themselves as no good and not deserving of the love and kindness that their peers receive. They may also have little trust in the people around them for fear of being hurt by them as they have been before. Living within a large city may cause problems for a child’s development if there is a high level of unemployment and low income. Something as simple as not having access to public transport, whether it’s a bus, taxi or train, because you can’t afford the fares can affect the child being able to get into school on a regular basis and so miss out on the education that they deserve and need. There is another problem that comes with low income. If you have a low income you may only be able to buy what you can afford which may mean a child does not get a balanced diet. Usually with unemployment and low income comes poorer housing. This can lead to health problems in both child and adult alike. They can be affected by mould spores and living in drafty and cold conditions, this will lead to children who may be constantly ill and so in turn cannot attend school as much as they should. These illness may also have an effect on their physical development as the illnesses may affect the ability for the body to develop as it should. Children need constant stimulation whether it is for the mind or the body. Living in poorer areas may mean that areas to play and run around are lacking, whether it is a park or a garden, without proper stimulation a child’s development can be slower to progress that that of his peers. Loss or Bereavement A child may not process death in the same way that an adult or young person does. They may come to realise that a person is no longer a part of their lives. On the other end of the scale they may suffer anxiety that is focused on yourself as the parent. They may begin to believe that you yourself may not return to them when leaving them at either play group or school. They may become clingy and withdrawn compromising their ability to learn and maintain their friendships with their peers. They may also suffer anger and hostility towards people or may even think that the person who has died has  left them because they didn’t like the child anymore so the child may see it as being their own fault. This can lead to a child growing to be very lonely and not being able to build new or maintain any sort of relationship with anyone. Separation and Divorce A child’s social and emotional development can be affected by the separation or divorce of their parents. They can come to believe that the separation is their own fault. They can experience feelings of guilt, anxiety and sadness. They may as with bereavement become withdrawn and sorrowful or hostile and angry. This factor can also make it difficult for a child to maintain relationships or make new ones. Care givers need to be available for the child should they need them for emotional support. The child may also apportion blame on to someone else within their lives, whether it be the parent that has left the family home or and new partner that the remaining parent has found. During and after this time the child in question may find it difficult to develop new or maintain any social relationships, especially while they have several different emotions going on inside them. They may find it hard to process all these possibly new emotions and find it hard to concentrate on anythi ng else. Learning Difficulties Learning difficulties come in a vast range, anything from Downs Syndrome to Dyslexia. These learning difficulties can slow the learning development of the effected child. Dyslexia sufferers have particular difficulty with reading and writing Just because a child of 4yrs can write their name and read a few words doesn’t mean that a child of the same age with dyslexia can. When we learn to read we learn to sound out the letters that make up the word. Children also have lessons in school that focus on phonics which is to help them identify the sounds in words such as igh, oo, ai. These are called phonemes. A dyslexic child has difficulty in identifying and sounding out these phonemes and so makes the whole learning process slower. This can lead to the child becoming behind in there learning to that of their peers and will need extra help in place to help them not fall so far behind in their learning. Loss of limbs or the use of senses The loss of limbs or senses can be very traumatic both emotionally and  physically. Loss of limbs or senses can happen in a variety of ways such as a road traffic accident, a birth defect or severe infection. Losing a limb or senses can effect a child mentally, emotionally and physically. If the limb or sense is lost through accident a child may become angry and upset, withdrawn or even become depressed. They may feel a sense of hopelessness, worthlessness and have in appropriate guilt that the loss of limb or sense was their own fault somehow. The adjustment for a child losing a limb or senses will be an ongoing process. They may seem to be adjusting and taking everything in their stride but as the cognitive side of development grows then the child will start to understand more fully what has happened and may set them back in the adjustment process, as they begin to realise that the loss of a limb or the senses can an impact on their future lives.

The Problems of Southern California Essay -- essays research papers

From reading the author’s book â€Å"Ecology of Fear,† Mike Davis’ main thesis for writing this book was to make readers become aware of the underlying problems and threats which have existed or currently exist in Southern California and how these problems shape the way we live today and in the imminent future as well. Although Davis did not really provide us with any remedies for the problems facing Southern California, this book made it very clear to the readers that problems do still exist, although at times they may sound subtle in nature. Of the numerous problems which do exist in Southern California, I will discuss only a handful of the problems that Davis provided us insight to. In the following paragraphs, the main problems of Southern California that I will discuss about are suburbanization and how it made Southern California lose its natural beauty and the effects of overdevelopment, the wild fires which occur and similarities and differences the rich and poor communities faced in terms of adversity, how suburbanization brought people closer to the wildlife, and how numerous books and movies portrayed Los Angeles as the center for calamities. The culmination of all these problems clearly shows that there are many glaring weaknesses of Southern California that need to be closely examined. One of the main issues that the book, â€Å"Ecology of Fear,† discussed about were the inherent dangers and problems that suburbanization imposed upon the landscape of Southern California. Although suburbanization in theory and in reality did create abundant benefits to a great mass of people, especially to those who wanted to avoid the daily nuisances of urban city life, its negative consequences were quite grave indeed. Suburbanization led to a complete eradication to the natural landscape of many areas in California. The book’s vivid accounts of how the lush, green landscape was bulldozed just to build tracts of homes were a painful reminder of the beauty that was lost due to suburbanization. â€Å"In 1958 sociologist William Whyte – author of The Organization Man – had a disturbing vision as he was leaving Southern California. ‘Flying from Los Angeles to San Bernardino – an unnerving lesson in man’s infinite capacity to mess up his environment – the traveler can see a legion of bulldozers gnawing into the last remaining tract of green between the two cities’.† (Davis, p. 77)... ...larly to Los Angelenos, that disaster could become a reality of Los Angeles if people start ignoring the warning signs that permeate throughout Southern California. From reading Mike Davis’ book â€Å"Ecology of Fear,† my personal impression of his argument of making Southern Californians to become aware of the underlying threats and problems which exist today or have existed in the past is a commendable act on his part, but I really feel Davis overanalyzed the problems Southern Californians face. Throughout the book, Davis painted a very gloomy picture of Southern California and he never really brought a positive spin on the problems that exist in Southern California and how we can take steps to remedy these problems. Also, Davis should have recognized the fact that problems exist in other parts of the United States as well and they are not just confined to Southern California. The problems of Southern California is not all that different from the rest of the nation, which faces similar disasters that are comparable to earthquakes and wild fires, such as tornadoes, floods, thunderstorms, etc. So, in essence, problems exist in all societies and cultures and that is the reality of life.

Restoring Balance Lab

Leo Tran IB Chemistry SL II R5 Ms. Crane January 4, 2012 Restoring Balance LAB Pre-Lab Questions 1. The solubility of iodine increases because the position of equilibrium has shifted towards the triiodide side of the reaction. Addition of the reactants causes an increase in the product which is directly related to the solubility of iodine in water in this case. 2. Ammonium chloride will be more soluble in hot water as in an endothermic reaction, increasing the temperature (which is the same as adding heat – one of the reactants) will cause the position of equilibrium to shift towards the products to compensate for the change.More products are a result of increased solubility of Ammonium Chloride with water when temperature is increased. Post Lab Questions 1. CoCl42- ions are present in this solution as they are blue colored and the color of the Cobalt Chloride solution was blue when we recorded the color and appearance of the solution. 2. Co(H2O)62+ ion was favored by the addi tion of water as it is pink colored and when we added water to the cobalt chloride solution, it became pink. This was because the amount of Co(H2O)62+ ions went up(more pink) to compensate or even out the change.Adding more products resulted in the position of the equilibrium to shift towards the reactant side making it favor the Co(H2O)62+ ions. 3. (a) CoCl42- ion is favored by the addition of hydrochloric acid and calcium chloride. (b) Cl- ion (c) When the stress (Chlorine from hydrochloric acid and calcium chloride) is added on the reactant side (more reactants), the pink color reduces and blue color increases. In other words, CoCl42- is favored to compensate for the change or minimize the stress. 4. A. Adding a species which appears on the right side of an equation will shift the equilibrium to the left side of the equation.B. Adding a species which appears on the left side of an equation will shift the equilibrium to the right side of the equation. 5. Since acetone attracts wat er molecules (decrease water molecules from the reaction) the reaction tries to create more water. Making more of the product, it naturally makes more of all the products which creates CoCl42- ions (blue in color), resulting in a blue color of the system of chemicals. 6. (a) Ag+ + Cl- –> AgCl (b) The concentration of Cl- ions decreased as chlorine ions from the reactant side reacted with silver

The Defense Of Marriage Act ( Doma ) - 1760 Words

In defense of marriage by John Corny, President Bill Clinton and the government were able to approve the defense of marriage act (DOMA). DOMA is defined as the union of a man and a woman which it was what mostly of the people consider to be right. The main question is if people should continue this or change? The answer is that many activists have been trying to change that definition. This changes has already begun in many states of the country , and those who supported DOMA long time ago, are not able to support marriage today. There is one thing that has never become different, it is how people think a kid is best raised by a woman and a man. However, today marriage appears to be in a general agreement that is being complicated.†¦show more content†¦Laws afford protection and equality to personal choices relating to marriage, barrier methods for pregnancy, reproduction, family relationship, child care, and guidance. Homosexual people may see self-determination on the se aspects, just as straight people do. It doesn t take an expert or the government to be involved to understand the definition of these words. The authority and the court specialists approve any circumstance. Authorized academics are widely unfavorably opponents. The most outstanding constitutional specialists on this matter are Cass Sunstein, Erwin Chemerinksky, and William Eskridge They estimate that DOMA or other long established marriage laws across the states will be unwelcome and unenforceable as not in accordance with the constitution. In addition, the actions of disapproving and eliminating long established marriage laws national has already started. A spokesperson of the Lambda legal corporation which want to stop traditional marriage laws across the states, clearly expressed that they won t give up until the same sex or gender marriage come across the entire nation. Many other democrats like John Kerry and Ted Kennedy, Rep. Jerrold Nadler, and former presidential candidat es Howard Dean and Carol Moseley Braun, all of them have refused DOMA as not in accordance with the constitution or with the rules and want DOMA to be disproved or refuted by the judicature and with no fundamental or established set of principles governing,

Classroom Essentials for the New Special Educator

When we approach the school year all teachers will be evaluating the strategies and classroom structures that are important for behavioral success and instructional efficiency.  That is doubly essential for the new teacher creating their first classroom.  Ã‚   Perhaps the most important actor in your classroom is the environment.  A classroom environment is not just a matter of lighting and decorating (although they may contribute.)  No, it is the emotional as well as the physical environment that create the canvas on which you will be providing instruction.  For some special educators who push in, they carry their environment with them.  For teachers who are in resource room settings, they need to create an environment communicates expectations for students and create an efficient place for them to engage in instruction.  For self-contained programs, the challenge is to create an environment that will provide a structure that will work for the teacher, the classroom para-professional, and the range of abilities your students will probably bring with them. In our experience, self-contained programs often have as wide a variety of skills and challenges as a regular education classroom with three to four times more students.   Pro-Active Means Preparation Preparing a classroom for students will require planning and anticipation, including:   Seating/Seating chart: How you plan to provide instruction will change how you seat your students.  Anticipate those seating arrangements to change.  For a classroom where you anticipate behavioral challenges, start with desks in rows separated by an arms length in each direction.  As your year progresses, you will be able to modify how you mediate instruction and how you  manage behavior.  A group that needs constant monitoring will be arranged completely differently from a group that focuses on independent work while others are in small groups or working in learning centers.  Also, the first group, with consistent feedback, teaching, and reinforcement, might just become the second group! Comprehensive Behavior Management System How you intend to reinforce the behavior you want, especially independent behavior and how you want to provide consequences for behaviors you do not want, you will need to choose and implement one of several different comprehensive plans:   Whole Class and/or Individual Behavior Management Systems:  Sometimes a classroom system will work without implementing individual behavior management, especially when the focus of your program is remediating academics and not managing behavior.  Or, you can start with a group plan and then add an individual plan.  Or, you can use individual reinforcement plans (i.e. token boards) and then a classwide system for group activities or transitions.   Whole Class Behavior Systems Require   A visual cuing system.  This can be a board, a digital system (such as Class DOJO)  Ã‚  or an interactive cue system, like a clothespin clip system or a color wheel.  Clear expectations and outcomes. These include rules and routines, which we will explore later.  Be sure you know exactly when you place a token or move a clip up or down.  Be sure you know what consequences will be moving to red or whatever your least desirable color is.  Be sure your consequence is truly a consequence and not a threat, in other words dont make a consequence something that is either unreasonable (no p.e. for the rest of the school year) or something you are unwilling or unable to do (two swats with a paddle.  Corporal punishment is illegal in most states and doesnt work in any case.)  Rewards or Reinforcement.  Be sure some of the reinforcers you offer (positive) are social so you are pairing reinforcement with appropriate social behavior.  How about tickets for a game day? (Play bo ard games as a class on Friday afternoons.)  Access to preferred activities or classroom jobs with status (such as line leader or lunch basket) is also great reinforcers.  By pairing reinforcement with appropriate positive behavior, you also reinforce the social behavior.  Consequences.  Sometimes the absence of reinforcement is consequence enough to change future behavior.  Sometimes an appropriate consequence (because it makes undesired behavior less likely to reappear) is to remove access to a preferred daily activity, such as recess or reading in a kindergarten classroom.   Individual Behavior Systems Require A visual recording system.   Sticker charts or token charts work well.Clear expectations.  It is best to focus on no more than two behaviors at a time.  Be sure students know why they are earning stickers or tokens when they get them:  i.e. Wow, you did a nice job getting that spelling page done, Roger.  Heres your sticker.  Just two more till you get your break!  Targeted reinforcement:  As above, target specific behaviors and be sure you define those target behaviors clearly.  Reinforce no more than two behaviors at a time.   Deciding Which Behavioral Strategies to Use As you are setting up your classroom, you will need to decide a few things: Do you start with individual behavior management systems or group?  As a new teacher, you are best to err on the side of too much structure, not too little.How easy or hard will the system be to administer?  No structure is chaos, too much structure may lead to default because you cant keep your eyes on everything.  Know your team, as well.  Will you have one or more paraprofessionals who could administer one of your reinforcement systems?  Can you and your staff administer the system with as little effect as possible?  You dont want a system that you are tempted to use as a punishment.  If the focus of your system becomes your relationship with your students.  Ã‚   The Physical Environment Arranging supplies, pencil sharpening and all the mechanics of supporting academic and social interaction for school success is invaluable. Sharpening pencils, handing out materials, all those simple tasks are tasks your students can manipulate to avoid tasks, to move around the classroom and disturb peers, to establish their pecking order in the classroom.  New teachers may feel that those of us who are long in the teeth make way too much of organization, but we have watched students dither away the day sharpening their pencils.  Oh, and they can burn those babies out! So, you need to be sure your routines include: Pencil Sharpening.  Is it a job, or do you have a cup where pencils can be swapped out?  Desks: Trust me.  You want the tops of desks clean.  They are students, not insurance agents.  Supplies:   If you put students in groups, each group should have a carry all or tray for pencils, crayons, scissors, and other supplies.  Put someone in charge (and assigned on the job chart) to refill papers, sharpen pencils and do whatever you need.  For small groups, put someone in charge of paper passing.Turn in:  Have a routine for turning in completed assignments.  You may want a tray for finished assignments, or even a vertical file where students turn in their folders.   Bulletin Boards Put your walls to work.  Avoid that temptation of some teachers to spend big at the teacher store and clutter up the walls.  Too much on the walls may distract students with disabilities, so be sure the walls talk but not scream.   Resources Behavioral Systems A Color Chart System Using Clothes PinsToken ChartsSticker Charts to Support IndependenceA Lottery SystemA Token Economy Physical Resources Seating ChartsBulletin Boards that Put Your Walls to WorkBack to School Bulletin BoardsSticker Charts

Case Analysis Hollyfrontier Corporation - 2143 Words

HollyFrontier Corporation is a largest independent petroleum refiner and distributor of petroleum products. It is also known as a Fortune 500 company which is located in Dallas, Texas United states. In 1947, Holly Corporation was initially consolidated under the name General Appliance Corporation. Later, in 1949, it was fused under the name Wainoco Oil Corporation, which was basically an oil and gas investigation organization with creation in Canada and the U.S. To expand its enthusiasm into oil generation, General Appliance Corporation transformed its name to Holy Corporation in 1952. The Company lives up to expectations in two parts refining and HEP (Holly Energy Partners, L.P) which creates high esteemed refined item use in the†¦show more content†¦The main goal of company should always be providing maximum customer service at the lowest cost possible. Nowadays company are facing many challenges regarding some areas. Let’s talk about Procurement, it begins with man aging processes associated with a firm’s need to purchase goods and services required to manufacture goods/services (direct) or run the organization (indirect). The process of procurement is regarded as part of the organization because the ability to purchase certain materials will determine whether the operation will continue or not. For a business to survive in the competitive market the price of procurement should be low than the profit it makes on selling the actual product. HollyFrontier Corporation is a largest petroleum company and it operates to a global market where it has to face many competitors. Many companies are adopting value based strategy and less volume which helps them to sell their product in higher cash value. An organization spends colossal sum on discovering, creating and delivering oil and gas. In this way, acquisition capacity assumes extremely discriminating part in effective operation. Procurement management is divided into drilling, well completion , facilities, transportation, operation, office services and IT services. The oil and gas industry has turned into the heart of the worldwide vitality business sector and dominant part of the general public utilize these vitality in high sum.

Decision Making Process WRT Consumer Behavior Free Essays

string(42) " and over 250 dialects and ethnic groups\." Question 1. Explain Decision making process and various types of decision with examples? Ans: Decision making can be regarded as the mental processes (Cognitive process) resulting in the selection of a course of action among several alternative scenarios. Every decision making process produces a final choice. We will write a custom essay sample on Decision Making Process WRT Consumer Behavior or any similar topic only for you Order Now The output can be an action or an opinion of choice. Developed by B. Aubrey Fisher, there are four stages that should be involved in all group decision making. These stages, or sometimes called phases, are important for the decision-making process to begin Orientation stage- This phase is where members meet for the first time and start to get to know each other. Conflict stage- Once group members become familiar with each other, disputes, little fights and arguments occur. Group members eventually work it out. Emergence stage- The group begins to clear up vague opinions by talking about them. Reinforcement stage- Members finally make a decision, while justifying themselves that it was the right decision. When in an organization and faced with a difficult decision, there are several steps one can take to ensure the best possible solutions will be decided. These steps are put into seven effective ways to go about this decision making process. An Example illustrating Decision Making Process in an Organization * The first step – Outline your goal and outcome. This will enable decision makers to see exactly what they are trying to accomplish and keep them on a specific path. * The second step – Gather data. This will help decision makers have actual evidence to help them come up with a solution. The third step – Brainstorm to develop alternatives. Coming up with more than one solution ables you to see which one can actually work. * The fourth step – List pros and cons of each alternative. With the list of pros and cons, you can eliminate the solutions that have more cons than pros, making your decision easier. * The fifth step – Make the decision. Once y ou analyze each solution, you should pick the one that has many pros (or the pros that are most significant), and is a solution that everyone can agree with. * The sixth step – Immediately take action. Once the decision is picked, you should implement it right away. * The seventh step – Learn from, and reflect on the decision making. This step allows you to see what you did right and wrong when coming up, and putting the decision to use. Another example showing Decision Making Process with respect to consumer behavior. This model is important for anyone making marketing decisions. It forces the marketer to consider the whole buying process rather than just the purchase decision (when it may be too late for a business to influence the choice! The model implies that customers pass through all stages in every purchase. However, in more routine purchases, customers often skip or reverse some of the stages. For example, a student buying a favourite hamburger would recognise the need (hunger) and go right to the purchase decision, skipping information search and evaluation. However, the model is very useful when it comes to understanding any purchase that requires some thought and deliberation. The buying process starts with need recognition. At this stage, the buyer recognises a problem or need (e. g. I am hungry, we need a new sofa, I have a headache) or responds to a marketing stimulus (e. g. you pass Starbucks and are attracted by the aroma of coffee and chocolate muffins). An â€Å"aroused† customer then needs to decide how much information (if any) is required. If the need is strong and there is a product or service that meets the need close to hand, then a purchase decision is likely to be made there and then. If not, then the process of information search begins. A customer can obtain information from several sources: †¢ Personal sources: family, friends, neighbours etc Commercial sources: advertising; salespeople; retailers; dealers; packaging; point-of-sale displays †¢ Public sources: newspapers, radio, television, consumer organisations; specialist magazines †¢ Experiential sources: handling, examining, using the product The usefulness and i nfluence of these sources of information will vary by product and by customer. Research suggests that customer’s value and respect personal sources more than commercial sources (the influence of â€Å"word of mouth†). The challenge for the marketing team is to identify which information sources are most influential in their target markets. In the evaluation stage, the customer must choose between the alternative brands, products and services. An important determinant of the extent of evaluation is whether the customer feels â€Å"involved† in the product. By involvement, we mean the degree of perceived relevance and personal importance that accompanies the choice. Where a purchase is â€Å"highly involving†, the customer is likely to carry out extensive evaluation. High-involvement purchases include those involving high expenditure or personal risk – for example buying a house, a car or making investments. Low involvement purchases (e. . buying a soft drink, choosing some breakfast cereals in the supermarket) have very simple evaluation processes. Post-purchase evaluation – Cognitive Dissonance The final stage is the post-purchase evaluation of the decision. It is common for customers to experience concerns after making a purchase decision. This arises from a concept that is known as â€Å" cognitive dissonance†. The customer, having bought a product, may feel that an alternative would have been preferable. In these circumstances that customer will not repurchase immediately, but is likely to switch brands next time. To manage the post-purchase stage, it is the job of the marketing team to persuade the potential customer that the product will satisfy his or her needs. Then after having made a purchase, the customer should be encouraged that he or she has made the right decision. Question 2. Take any international country of your choice and list down their social, cultural, lifestyle, business etiquettes and trade practices in detail? Ans: Country in Discussion: Nigeria Social / Cultural and Life Style Background The culture of Nigeria is shaped by Nigeria’s multiple ethnic groups. The country has over 50 languages and over 250 dialects and ethnic groups. You read "Decision Making Process WRT Consumer Behavior" in category "Papers" The three largest ethnic groups are the Hausa-Fulani who are predominant in the north, the Igbo who are predominant in the south-east, and the Yoruba who are predominant in the southwest. The Edo people are predominant in the region between Yorubaland and Igboland. Much of the Edo tends to be Christian while the remaining 20 percent worship deities called Ogu. This group is followed by the Ibibio/Annang/Efik people of the coastal southeastern Nigeria and the Ijaw of the Niger Delta. The rest of Nigeria’s ethnic groups (sometimes called ‘minorities’) are found all over the country but especially in the middle belt and north. The Hausa tend to be Muslim and the Igbo are predominantly Christian. The Efik, Ibibio, Annang people are mainly Christian. The Yoruba have a balance of members that are adherent to both Islam and Christianity. Indigenous religious practices remain important in all of Nigeria’s ethnic groups, these beliefs are often blended with Christian beliefs. Nigeria is famous for its English language literature and its popular music. Since the 1990s the Nigerian movie industry, sometimes called quot; Nollywoodquot; has emerged as a fast-growing cultural force all over the continent. All over the country, and even increasingly in the conservative north, western music, dresses and movies are ever popular. The music of Nigeria includes many kinds of folk and popular music, some of which are known worldwide. Traditional musicians use a number of diverse instruments, such as the Gongon drums Football (soccer) is extremely popular throughout the country and especially among the youth, both field soccer and professional international soccer, has developed into a cult of unity and division. Supporters of English football clubs Manchester United, Arsenal, Liverpool and Chelsea often segregate beyond the traditional tribal and even religious divide to share their common cause in Premier League teams. The Nigeria national football team, nicknamed the Super Eagles, is the national team of Nigeria and is controlled by the Nigeria Football Federation (NFF). Nigerian food embellishes a rich blend of traditionally African carbohydrates such as Yam and Cassava as well as vegetable soups made from native green leaves. Praised by Nigerians for the strength it gives, Garri is a powdered Cassava Grain that can be readily eaten as a meal and is quite cheap. Yam is either fried in oil or pounded to make a Mashed Potato like Yam pottage. Nigerian beans, quite different from green peas, is widely popular. Meat is also popular and Nigerian Suya, a barbecue like method of roasting meat, is a well known delicacy. Bush meat, meat from wild game like deer and giraffes is also popular. Fermented palm products is used to make a traditional liquor, Palm Wine, as is fermented Cassava. Business Background in Nigeria The fact that Nigeria is not a magnet for international investment could be seen as a tragedy of immense proportions. Years of political instability, regional strife and the weakening influence of massive corruption have resulted in the country failing to capitalize on its many advantages; leaving the mass of the population in relative poverty and the country enormously infra-structure poor. A large number of international organizations and business people have been wary of doing business in Nigeria for many years. This may seem strange given that Nigeria is one of the most populous countries in Africa as well as being one of the most oil-rich places in the world. Couple this with the fact that the country is abundant in many other natural resources and has good port facilities and you might think that international business would be fighting for a piece of the action in Nigeria. Huge strides have been made in the last few years to try to tackle the many endemic problems which assail the country — with political and economic stability being seen as the key weapons in attacking the corrosive influence of corruption. Whether the actions being taken on the ground now lead to dramatic improvements in levels of transparency and levels of corporate governance remain to be seen — in the meantime, the country struggles along and those doing business in Nigeria need to be aware of the issues that await them. Business Etiquettes Nigerians like to use language in a fairly flowery fashion and will often address you with great courtesy and overt signs of respect. This desire to show respect to people is shown in the Nigerian use of titles and honorifics. People will often be addressed as Uncle, Auntie, Chief, Mazi, Doctor etc. rather than by the use of first names. Business conversations will often veer towards the personal and you may be asked questions about family, hobbies and other interests within business meetings. This is an important section of the meeting and should be treated as such. It is not seen as overly personal but rather as a signal of warmth and friendship. Handshaking is very important and it is usual to exchange long, lingering handshakes with everybody you meet. Nigerian Management Style As you would expect in a strictly hierarchical culture, managers are expected to lead quite strongly. The boss is expected to make decisions (with or without wider consultation) and the decisions of the boss are expected to be carried out to the letter. Directions should be given in a polite and friendly but definitive fashion. Spell out in detail what needs to be done — anything which is not explicitly requested, is likely to remain undone. This does not mean that subordinates are inefficient or lazy, merely that they expect the boss to know exactly what he wants to happen and to explain things to them fully. It is important to dress well in Nigeria as the way you are dressed will signal your relative level of importance. Men should wear dark suits and ties and women should wear dark, demure business-style suits. In return for loyalty, the manager will often take on a paternalistic role with regard to colleagues. The manager is expected to take an interest in subordinates beyond their directly work-related duties. People are as likely to ask the boss advice on personal matters as they are on business issues. Indigenous Nigerian companies will, however, have an approach and flavor all of their own. All native Nigerian companies will display massively hierarchical tendencies as befits a country rich in tribal tradition and culture. Thus the boss expects and receives respect from those below them in the structure. As age is highly valued in Nigerian culture, managers are often of the older generation — age brings wisdom. Although people at a middle-management level will like to give the impression that they have great power in the organization, they rarely do. Decisions are invariably made right at the top, so try not to waste too much time trying to force decisions out of more junior employees. If possible, go right to the top. This does not, however, mean that people lower down the corporate structure can be ignored as they may very well be pivotal in influencing the eventual decision-maker. As a relationship-oriented culture, it is important to be seen to be trying hard to develop good relationships at all levels within the organization. Economic Facts previously hindered by years of mismanagement, economic reforms of the past decade have put Nigeria back on track towards achieving its full economic potential. Nigerian GDP at purchasing power parity more than doubled from $170. 7 billion in 2005 to $374. billion in 2010, although estimates of the size of the informal sector (which is not included in official figures) put the actual numbers closer to $520 billion. Correspondingly, the GDP per capita doubled from $1200 per person in 2005 to an estimated $2,500 per person in 2009 (again, with the inclusion of the informal sector, it is estimated that GDP per capita hovers ar ound $3,500 per person). It is the largest economy in the West Africa Region, 3rd largest economy in Africa (behind South Africa and Egypt), and on track to becoming one of the top 30 economies in the world in the early part of 2011. Although much has been made of its status as a major exporter of oil, Nigeria produces only about 3. 3% of the world’s supply, and though it is ranked as 15th in production at 2. 2 million barrels per day (mbpd), the top 3 producers Saudi Arabia, Russia, and the United States produce 10. 7mbpd (16. 8%), 9. 8mbpd (15. 4%), and 8. 5mbpd (13. 4%) respectively, collectively accounting for 63. 6mpd (45. 4%) of the world’s total production. [2] To put oil revenues in perspective: at an estimated export rate of 1. 9mbd, with a projected sales price of $65 per barrel in 2011, Nigeria’s anticipated revenue from petroleum is about $52. billion. This accounts for less than 14% of official GDP figures (and drops to 10% when the informal economy is included in these calculations). Therefore, though the petroleum sector is important, it remains in fact a small part of the country’s overall vibrant and diversified economy. The largely subsistence agricultural sector has not kept up with rapid population growth, and Nigeria, once a large net exporter of food, now imports some of its food products. In 2006, Nigeria successfully convinced the Paris Club to let it buy back the bulk of its debts owed to the Paris Club for a cash payment of roughly $12 billion (USD). Trade Practices: The Federal Government plays the role of protecting local industries and the labor market from unfair competitions and trade practices of developed countries. While Nigerian government appreciates that the world is a global village, in terms of exchange of goods, services and persons, it will not open the nation‘s borders to the influx of foreigners in whatever guise without considering the security and economic implication inherent in the administration of Expatriate Quota and other immigration formality. While it is true that Nigeria as a developing country needs to benefit from the xperiences and technology of the advanced nations, it is important that we protect our local manpower by ensuring that jobs that are meant for Nigerians are not occupied by foreigners in order to stem the unemployment rate in the country. Although the world is a global village and the WTO preaches free trade or liberalization of trade, it is the government’s duty both indiv idually and as government to protect our local industries and markets in order to avoid being reduced to mere consumers of labor and technology of the advanced nations. Their focus at all times should be to develop indigenous technology, local capacity building for both our industries and marketsquot;. Also, the administration of Expatriate Quota helps attract foreign direct investment; fast track economic development; transfer technology through importation of modern machinery and equipment; build and enhance local capacity and skills; institutionalize Nigerian understudies attached to Expatriates and for appropriate documentation. ALTERNATIVE TRADE NETWORK OF NIGERIA (ATNN) The Alternative Trade Network of Nigeria (ATNN) was established in 1994 with 25 artisans drawn from different parts of Nigeria as a Non Governmental Trade and Development Network. It was formerly registered with Corporate Affairs Commissions Abuja on the 7th January 1999 as an Incorporated Trustee with a five member Governing Board. The daily operations of the network are coordinated by program staff and team of volunteers under the leadership of the Director. ATNN is a registered pioneer member of the International Fair Trade Association (IFAT) formed in 1994 now the World Fair Trade Organization (WFTO) and also a founding member of the Cooperation for Fair Trade in Africa (COFTA) with its Africa Regional Office based in Nairobi, Kenya. With a founding membership of 25 artisans and groups, ATNN membership has grown to 120 cooperatives, groups and individuals (over 3616 individuals) engage in both food and Non food products from different parts of Nigeria who are grass root based and committed to the principles and standards of fair trade. 3% of the current membership is women, employing over 3616 people. 1774 apprentices have also been trained and are now self employed and running their business in different areas of micro enterprises. ATNN has the following thematic areas of intervention 1. Fair Trade Market Access, Retailing and Export Trading†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ This program provides unique solutions to specific members based on identified n eeds, level of business development, size, structure, markets, retailing and other trading opportunities. 2. Producer Development, Community Mobilization and Empowerment. This program engages participatory method of development of both formal and informal groups of producers and communities in identifying and establishing core strength and weaknesses and collective designing of sustainable and achievable business solutions. 3. Fair Trade Advocacy and Economic Rights†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ The objective of this program is to develop and disseminate appropriate fair trade information to raise beneficiary’s awareness and stake holder’s interest and support for effective and proactive fair trade participations. It also highlights and lobby against unethical business, production and trade practices and policies that are detrimental to community growth, environmental protection and other impacts that are related to sustainable production and development. The Alternative Trade Network of Nigeria believes in fostering an accelerated producers businesses development and sustainable income through developing, consolidating and advancing the core mission and objectives of the global fair Trade Movement within Nigeria, Africa and the world over. This is achieved through the offering and provision of technical guidance, market support, networking and awareness rising for favorable trade policies and micro business development measures. ATNN, in its business development services also ensures that producers do not just access profitable markets, but produce quality products and get appropriate value for their labor. ATNN generally desires to achieve the following: 1. Increased and improved business skills How to cite Decision Making Process WRT Consumer Behavior, Essays